How to spot the early signs and where you can find help

NEURODEVELOPMENTAL conditions, which affect how the brain functions, are seen in one in ten children and include autistic spectrum disorders and ADHD.

Speech disorders such as Tourette’s, and learning difficulties such as dyslexia and dyspraxia are also common.

Each person may experience them differently, the signs often overlap, and children can also have more than one. Between 60 to 80 per cent of children with ADHD, for example, have another condition such as autism or dyslexia.

Possible signs of autism in young children include failing to make eye contact, repetitive movements and not responding to their name. Children with ADHD may have problems concentrating or sitting still and may talk excessively.

Those with Tourette’s may grunt, whistle or click their tongue – known as tics. Signs of other conditions such as dyslexia or dyspraxia may not be evident until they start primary school.

Those with dyslexia may have problems with concentration and following instructions, speech and writing skills. Dyspraxia is more physical, and involves poor co-ordination, difficulty getting dressed and taking part in playground activities like kicking a ball.

Parents concerned that their child may have one of these conditions should first speak to their teachers, to see what may have been noticed, and make an appointment with their GP.

Either the school or a GP can make a referral to Children And Young People’s Mental Health Services for a formal assessment, but there are long waiting lists – up to three years, depending on where you are in the country. Private clinics carry them out, but this can be expensive.

Support and advice varies depending on location. In some cases, medication and therapy may be appropriate.